Furthermore, research has yet to determine whether the proposed link can be explained by other confounding factors, such as socioeconomic background (for example, if you grow up in a household with good financial resources, you are more likely to be able to afford music lessons, attend a good school, and so on), motivation, educational setting or overall parental involvement. Yet not all studies have found an association between these two sets of skills.
For example, students who are musically trained have been observed to have higher mathematics grades and standardized test scores, compared with students who have not studied music. Previous research has linked instrumental musical training to mathematical achievement, but this link is highly debated.
But the precise relation between music and math-whether musical training promotes mathematical ability, or mathematical skill influences musical ability, or whether these skills simply develop in parallel-remains unclear.
Learning to play a musical instrument relies on understanding concepts, such as fractions and ratios, that are important for mathematical achievement.